William b



W. B-. BILLINGS.

GOAL OIL STOVE.

No. 45,957. Patented Jan. 17, 1865.

Wnaares.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILL] AM B. BILLINGS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

COAL-OIL sTov Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 45,957, dated January 17, 1865.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM B. BILLINGS, of the city, county, and State of New York, h-tye invented a Goal-Oil Stove, of which the following is a specification.

The nature of my invention consists in a new mode or process of using coal-oil and petroleum for cooking and heating purposes. The great desideratum in this direction is, to produce an open fire from petroleum or coaloil, at the same time obtain as perfect combustion substantially as can be produced by using the dues or common burner and chimney. This I claim to have accomplished.

I am familiar with the various heaters and cooking apparatus now made under the different patents granted to Warren L. Fish; aso with the coal-oil stoves of Fulton, Eddy, Tuxworth, and -'others, all of whom use a fine or chimney-some in one way, some in an other- -but while I .do not pretend to escape the necessity of using air, which I obtain by induction, I do claim to get all the air necessary by altogether other means than from a fiue'or chimney.

The foundation of my present invention rests on the simple principle set forth in my application for Letters Patent for an improvement in coal-oil burnersdiled in the Patent Office in March, 1864', and allowed April 1, 1864, and I nowpropose to apply the same theory in a practical way to heating and cooklug.

. Beside the great end to be obtained of producing an open fire from petroleum and coaloil there are other practical points to be gained of almost equal importance-via, insulating the lamp or oil-holder from the rest of the stove, so that, no matter how much heat be attained above, the oil-holder remains comparatively coolsimplicity, durability, and cheapness in the construction of the whole, all of which I claim to have attained more completely than any of my predecessors.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will now proceed to describe its construction and mode of operation, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The material used may be common tin or sheet-iron. Both of these may be used to advantage, while light iron castin gs will be found preferable for some parts.

First, the oil holder or lamp. For a heater or stove of medium size and capacity I construct a vessel, round,(or any other particular shape desired,) about seven inches in diameter and two inches high. In the cover or top of this Vessel I insert and fasten one or more Wicktubes--say,three wick-tubestwo inches wide, about two inches long, and with a slot so thin that a wick madeof stout Canton flannel will pass through with ease. The ratchet-wheels and shaft for moving the wick I attach to the wick-tubes in the usual manner, with the shaft running nearly close to the cover, and the thumb-piece or button on the end of the shaft extending over the edge or side. (See Drawing A.) The cover may be attached to the body of the oil-vessel by a hinge on one side and a catch on the other, or fitted on like the cover of a common sauce-pan, or soldered on, in which case a feed-hole must be inserted through which to fill the lamp. The device for guiding the air into the flame, and to be placed over the wick-tube, isshown in drawing B. These air-guides I fasten into a diaphragm about one-fourth of an inch larger in diameter than the lamp A. The relative po sition of the air-guides in the diaphragm should be. the same as'that of the wick-tubes in the lamp A. (See Drawing 0.) I next construct a cylinder of the same diameter as the dia phragm 0 and about four inches high. The diaphragm G is fastened into this cylinder about half an inch from one end, which is to be the bottom or lower end. (See Drawing D.) I cut out another diaphragm about onecighth of an inch larger than the diaphragm O, with slots in it, through which the wicktubes in lamp Av will pass. (See Drawing E, with letters 9 g.) Either this diaphragm g 9 must be perforated with small holes or the cylinder D below the diaphragm 0 must be perforated. (See letters I) b in Drawing D.) Both may be perforated, but either one being perforated will answer the purpose. Iattach three or more supports or legs to the bottom of the cylinder D, of suificient length that, when it is placed over the lamp A, the corners of the wick-tubes will be on a level with the lowest point in the slot or mouth of the airguides in diaphragm 0. (See Drawing F, with letters ff.) The diaphragm g y, when the cylinder D is in its place, should come up close to the end or bottom of it, and either be fastened to the wick-tubes in its place or to the bottom of the cylinder 0, in which case the slots in the diaphragm g 9 should be just large enough to allow the wick-tubes to pass in and out without rubbing. When the diaphragm g gis fastened to the cylinder D and placed over the lamp A, the whole should be so adjusted that'neither the body of the lamp nor the wick-tubes touch any part of the cylinder D on the diaphragiris 0 and g g. This is easily done by having the whole rest upon a board or block, the lamp held in its place by pins, notches, or hooks, and the legs of the cylinder D also made-'fast to the same block or board, and when the whole is thus adjusted the lamp Ais completely insulated from the rest of the stove or heater,as the cold airchamber between the diaphragms O and g g effectually prevents the heatfrombein g thrown upon the lamp A, and even where the wick-- tubes are fastened to the diaphragm g g the heat at this point could never be strong emugh to give the slighest trouble, as the diaphragm gg never'beeomes more than warm.

The current of airiieeess'ary -to obtain per- The hooks h h h, riveted onthe top of the cylinder D, show how a vessel can be supported on top and inside of it;

A single stove or heate'r complete is shown in Drawing F.

A stove or range can be constructed of any capacity required. Drawing Gr represents a stove or range of the capacity of three single stoves, as shown in Drawing F. The partitions 0 0 0, in Drawing G, are not absolutely necessary to the working of this size range, but the draft is better, and, therefore, the combustion more perfect, especially when only a part of the wicks are burning at a time. It

renders each section independent of the other.

These partitions may be movable, and even in the single stove, when only one wick is burning, the movable partition will be found to increase its efficiency. Of course the partitions, whether movable or stationary, should \Vhat'i claim as my invention, and wish to secure by Letters Patent of the United States,

is as follows, viz:

1. The use and adaptation of'the body or sides of the stove or range D, to serve as and perform the office of a flue or chimney over the lamp or oil-holder A, substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

2. The attaching, of one or more air-guides,

cones, or deflectors in the diaphragm (l, and

the adjustment of the same in the stove or range '1 substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

3. The arrangement of the diaphragms G and g 9, thus forming an air-chamber between the oil-holder and stoveor range, substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

4; A non-conductor of heat used as a packing between the stove and oil-holder, arranged substantially as described and s'el. forth.

5, The insulation of the lamp or oil-holder by non-contact with the heater, stove, or range, substantially" as described. and set forth.

In testimony of which invention I hereunto set my hand.

W. B. BILL'INGS.

Witnesses: A. H. WARREN G. S. TALLMADGE. 

